To study the effect of long-term mining on the microbes in the environment, the soil sampled from Dexing copper ore deposit and its surrounding environment was chosen to be the object of this study. The distribution characteristics of microorganisms in soil were analyzed, and the spatial dependence of between microorganisms and heavy metal elements in surface soil was discussed by using microbial culture method, nucleic acid sequence analysis method and transmission electron microscopy. The experimental results showed that 13 kinds of microbes were isolated from the soil samples in Dawuhe-Gukou riverbank and Zhujiacun. The bacteria isolated from the soil samples in Dawuhe-Gukou riverbank and Zhujiacun had a certain similarity in type and distribution layer; however, to fungi, the similarity between Dawuhe-Gukou riverbank and Zhujiacun was not obvious. The microbial distribution and heavy metal element content in the soil profile had a certain relationship, but not to a simple linear relation, also influenced by various environmental factors.

Four lead-tolerant strains were isolated from lead-contaminated soil around the lead-zinc ore deposit. All strains could grow in nutrient solution containing 100?1000 mg/L Pb(II). The removal rates of Pb(II) by Pb-X-1, Pb-Z-3 and Pb-Z-4 were 78.31%, 77.8% and 87% respectively in the following conditions: pH was 6, 25℃, 160 r/min, initial Pb²⁺ concentration was 600 mg/L. The Pb(II) removal rate by Pb-X-2 was higher than 95%, when initial Pb(II)concentration was 100?400 mg/L. The result of 16S rRNA sequencing indicates that Pb-X-2 belonged to Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. The removal mechanism of Pb(II) removal by Pb-X-2 was mainly cellular surface adsorption and intracellular enrichment.

Bacillus, named HBS-4, isolated from oil reservoir is studied. HBS-4 can produce lipopeptide, glycolipid and ether in metabolism. During the interaction between strain HBS-4 and crude oil, biosurfactant can not only disperse and emulsify crude oil but also assist the bacterium to metabolize crude oil. The research results indicate that biosurfactant is stable if the value of pH of the culture broth is kept between 5 and 12, but when the value of pH is below 5, the biosurfactant will lost activity gradually. It will be beneficial for biodegradation to control the pH of the broth. The strain could convert and degrade aromatic hydrocarbons and asphaltenes, and decrease the content of heavy fractions in crude oils. The relative contents of aromatic and asphaltenes decreased 17.39% and 2.89% respectively.

Pseudomonas sp. S-7 strain can produces glucolipid and lipopeptide in metabolism. The critical micelle concentration of surfactants is 36mg/L. Surfactants make the surface tension of water decrease from 72mN/m to 29.7mN/m, and make the interfacial tension between oil and water reduce from 30mN/m to 1.3mN/m. The fermented broth has stable surface activity at different temperature, pH and salinity; it emulsifies crude oil and makes the viscosity of crude oil decrease 86.95%. The present study states that the surfactants are major factors of S-7 strain in microbial enhanced oil recovery.